Brazil
- Continent
- South America
- Population
- 153,771,000 (1990 WA), including 200,000 to 220,000 American
Indians (1986 SIL)
- Remarks
- Federative Republic of Brazil. República Federativa do
Brasil. Literacy rate 76% (1989 WA). Information mainly from
Ribeiro 1957, Hopper 1967, SIL 1991. There are reports
of up to 20 groups without peaceful contact. Data accuracy
estimate: A2, B
- Blind population
- 124,805
- Blind percentage
- .15 (1966 estimate)
- Blindness causes
- Glaucoma, xerophthalmia, diseases of retina and optic
nerve
- Religion
- Christian 93%, traditional religion 6%, secular 1%
- Deaf institutions
- 60
- Languages
- ACROA
- AGAVOTAGUERRA
- 100 (1986 SIL)
- AKAWAIO
- 500 in Brazil, 3,000 to 4,000 in Guyana, a few in
Venezuela (1982 D. Wall WC); 3,500 to 4,500 total
- AMAHUACA
- 220 in Brazil; 500 to 1,500 in Peru (1983 SIL); 1,720
total
- AMANAYE
- 50 or fewer (1986 SIL)
- AMIKOANA
- AMONDAWA
- ANAMBE
- 7 active speakers (1991 SIL) out of an ethnic group of 61 (1986 SIL)
- APALAI
- 350 total (1987 SIL)
- APIACA
- 65 to 70 (1986 SIL)
- APINAYE
- 750 (1988 SIL)
- APURINA
- 1,500 (1988 SIL)
- ARAPASO
- 258 (1986 SIL)
- ARARA, ACRE
- 115 (1986 SIL)
- ARARA, MATO GROSSO
- ARARA, PARA
- 90 or more (1990 SIL)
- ARARA, RONDONIA
- 92 (1986 SIL)
- ARAWETE
- 152 (1986 SIL)
- ARIKAPU
- 15 (1968 SIL)
- ARUA
- 2 (1976 SIL)
- ARUTANI
- 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 5 in Venezuela (1977); 22
total
- ASURINI
- 200 (1986 SIL). One group of 90 is together now; there
used to be two groups (1985 SIL)
- ASURINI, XINGU
- 75 or more (1985 SIL)
- ATRUAHI
- 350 to 600 (1986 SIL)
- AVA-CANOEIRO
- 101 (1986 SIL)
- AWETI
- 36 (1986 SIL)
- BAKAIRI
- 500 or more (1990 SIL)
- BANAWA
- 70 (1990 SIL)
- BANIWA
- 5,460 in Brazil, including 4,057 Baniwa; 1,000 Hohodene;
403 Seuci (1983 SIL); 407 in Venezuela (1975 Gaceta Indigena)
- BARA
- BARE
- 25 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 200 in Venezuela (1986 SIL)
- BORA
- 1,500 to 2,000 total; 500 Bora in Colombia,
including 100 or more Miraña and 400 other Bora; 1,000
to 1,500 in Peru (1977 SIL)
- BORORO
- 725 (1990 SIL)
- BRAZILIAN SIGN LANGUAGE
- CAFUNDO CREOLE
- 40 (1978 M. Gnerre, U. Estadual de Campinas)
- CAMPA, ASHENINCA
- 212 to 235 in Brazil (1983 SIL); 12,000 to 15,000
in Peru (1981 SIL)
- CANELA
- 2,500 (1991 SIL), including 700 Ramkokamekra, 300
Apanjekra, 306 in Gavião do Pará, 149 to 176 in Gavião
do Maranhão (1983 SIL)
- CARAPANA
- 50 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 600 in Colombia (1990 SIL);
650 total
- CARUTANA
- 250 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin)
- CASHINAHUA
- 775 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 850 to 1,200 in Peru (1977
SIL); 1,600 to 2,000 total
- CHIRIPA
- 2,500 in Brazil (1990 R. Dooley SIL); 7,000 in Paraguay
(1991); 9,500 total or more
- COCAMA-COCAMILLA
- 176 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 20 in Colombia; 15,000 to
18,000 in the ethnic group in Peru (1977 SIL)
- CUBEO
- 150 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 5,000 in Colombia (1992
SIL); 5,150 total
- CULINA
- 631 to 865 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 150 to 400 in Peru
(1977 SIL); 780 to 1,265 total
- CURRIPACO
- 340 to 1,500 in Brazil; 2,000 to 2,500 in Colombia;
210 in Venezuela; 2,550 to 4,210 total
- DENI
- 600 (1986 SIL)
- DESANO
- 1,586 in Brazil (1986 SIL), 800 in Colombia (1982
SIL)
- FULNIO
- 1,526 to 3,500 (1986 SIL)
- GAVIAO DO JIPARANA
- 1,070 to 1,615, including 500 to 1,000 Cinta Larga,
220 Gavião (1986 SIL); 175 to 220 Cabeça Seca (1986 SIL); 175
Zoró (1990 Caryl Jensen)
- GUAJA
- 150 (1990 FUNAI)
- GUAJAJARA
- 10,000 (1986 C. Harrison SIL)
- GUANA
- GUANANO
- 620 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 450 in Colombia (1983 SIL);
1,070 total
- GUARANI, MBYA
- 2,500 to 3,000 in Brazil (1988 SIL); 8,000 in Paraguay
(1991 SIL); 10,500 to 11,000 total or more
- GUARANI, PARAGUAYAN
- 4,000,000 total; 3,060,000 in Paraguay (1986)
- GUAREQUENA
- 338 in Brazil (1983 NTM); 367 in Venezuela; 705 total
- GUARIBA MAKU
- 180 (1983 SIL)
- GUATO
- 220 to 300 (1986 SIL)
- HALO TE SU
- 38 to 52 (1987 SIL)
- HIMARIMA
- HIXKARYANA
- 400 (1990 SIL), including 89 Xereuyana
(1986 SIL)
- HUITOTO, MURUI
- 261 in Brazil (1988 SIL); 500 to 1,000 in Colombia,
1,200 to 1,500 in Peru (1982 SIL); 2,000 to 2,800 total
- HUPDE
- 1,431 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 150 in Colombia (1991 SIL);
1,580 total
- IAPAMA
- IPEKA-TAPUIA
- 135 (1976 RC)
- IRANTXE
- 150 to 194 (1986 SIL)
- ITOGAPUK
- 95 (1986 SIL)
- JABUTI
- 60 (1986 SIL)
- JAMAMADI
- 150 (1990 SIL) including 12 Mamoria
- JARAWARA
- 140 (1990 SIL)
- JEPA-MATSI
- 55 (1973 RC)
- JUMA
- 9 (1986 SIL)
- JURUNA
- 126 (1986 SIL)
- KABIXI
- 100 (1986 SIL)
- KADIWEU
- 900 (1988 SIL)
- KAIMBE
- (1,100 to 1,400 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KAINGANG
- 18,000 (1989 U. Wiesemann SIL)
- KAINGANG, SAO PAULO
- 80 (1989 U. Wiesemann SIL)
- KAIWA
- 12,000 to 14,000 in Brazil (1990 SIL); 512 in Argentina;
12,500 to 14,500 total
- KALAPALO
- 71 to 191 (1986 SIL)
- KALIHNA
- 100 or fewer in Brazil (1991 SIL); 2,500 in Surinam;
475 or more in Guyana; 1,200 in French Guiana; 4,000 to 5,000
in Venezuela (1978 J.C. Mosonyi); 10,000 total (1991)
- KAMA
- 73 or more (1986 SIL)
- KAMAKAN
- KAMAYURA
- 200 to 207 (1986 SIL)
- KAMBA
- (2,000 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KAMBIWA
- (350 to 806 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KANAMANTI
- 130 (1986 SIL)
- KANAMARI
- 582 to 647 (1986 SIL)
- KANOE
- 150 (1986 SIL)
- KAPINAWA
- (250 to 260 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KARAHAWYANA
- 16 (1986 SIL)
- KARAJA
- 2,700 (1988 D. Fortune SIL), including 383 Javaé
(1986 SIL)
- KARIPUNA
- KARIPUNA CREOLE FRENCH
- 672 to 1,026 (1986 SIL)
- KARIPUNA DO GUAPORE
- 20 (1986 SIL)
- KARIRI-XUCO
- (1,800 to 2,462 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KARITIANA
- 123 (1986 SIL)
- KATAWIXI
- 10 (1986 SIL)
- KATUKINA
- 1 speaker (1976 SIL); 253 in ethnic group (1986 SIL)
- KATUKINA, PANOAN
- 1,000 (1983 SIL)
- KAXARARI
- 130 (1986 SIL)
- KAXUIANA
- 434 including 300 Warikyana, 134 Kaxuiana (1986 SIL)
- KAYABI
- 500 (1988 SIL)
- KAYAPO
- 2,208 (1986 SIL) including 469 Xikrin (1986 SIL)
- KAYAPO-KRADAU
- KIRIRI-XOKO
- (2,123 to 3,000 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- KOHOROXITARI
- 622 (1976 RC)
- KORUBO
- 300 to 500 (1986 SIL)
- KRAHO
- 1,200 (1988 SIL)
- KREEN-AKARORE
- 83 (1986 SIL)
- KRENAK
- 80 approximately; at least 20 families in southern
São Paulo (1989 U. Wiesemann SIL)
- KREYE
- 30 (1986 SIL)
- KRIKATI
- 281 to 325 (1983 SIL)
- KUIKURO
- 40 to 221 (1986 SIL)
- KURUAYA
- 52 (1986 SIL)
- MACUNA
- 46 in Brazil (1973 RC); 450 in Colombia (1991 SIL); 500 total
- MACUSHI
- 3,800 in Brazil; 1,300 in Guyana (1977 Migliazza);
600 in Venezuela (1976 UFM); 5,700 total
- MAKURAPI
- 215 to 337 (1986 SIL)
- MANAIRISU
- 447 (1986 SIL)
- MANDAHUACA
- 24 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 3,000 in Venezuela (1975);
3,025 total
- MANITSAUA
- MAQUIRITARI
- 270 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 4,970 in Venezuela (1975
Gaceta Indigenista); 5,240 total
- MARAJONA
- MARUBO
- 500 to 594 (1986 SIL)
- MATIPUHY
- 114 to 157, including 40 to 74 Matipuhy, 74 to 83
Nahukua (1986 SIL)
- MATSES
- 140 to 483 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 800 in Peru (1981
SIL); 940 to 1,280 total
- MAXAKALI
- 700 (1990 SIL)
- MAYA
- 135 (1986 SIL)
- MEHINAKU
- 95 to 130 (1986 SIL)
- MEKEM
- 55 (1986 SIL)
- MIARRA
- MIRITI
- 77 (1986 SIL)
- MONDE
- 30 to 200 (1986 SIL)
- MOREREBI
- 100 (1986 SIL)
- MUNDURUKU
- 1,700 (1990 SIL)
- MURA-PIRAHA
- 150 (1986 SIL)
- MURU
- 150 (1981 FUNAI)
- NADEB
- 300 (1986 SIL)
- NAMBIKUARA, NORTHERN
- 200 including 105 Mamaindé, 95 Latundê (1986 SIL)
- NAMBIKUARA, SOUTHERN
- 900 (1988 SIL), including 150 Galera (1983 SIL)
- NEGAROTE
- 209 (1986 SIL)
- NEREYAMA
- NHENGATU
- 3,000 total (1977 NTM)
- NINAM
- 466 (1976 UFM), 236 in southern dialect, 230 in northern;
100 in Venezuela; 566 total
- NUKUINI
- 238 to 250 (1986 SIL)
- NUMBIAI
- 50 (1986 SIL)
- OMAGUA
- 59 to 240 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 10 to 100 in Peru
(1976 SIL); 70 to 340 total
- OPAYE
- 23 (1986 SIL)
- OTI
- OTUKE
- PAKAASNOVOS
- 990 to 1,147 (1986 SIL)
- PALIKUR
- 800 in Brazil; 400 in French Guiana; 1,200 total (1988
SIL)
- PANKARARE
- (Ethnic group has 1,800; 1986 SIL)
- PANKARARU
- Ethnic group has 3,618 to 4,000 (1986 SIL)
- PAPAVO
- PARAKANA
- 350 (1986 SIL)
- PARANAWAT
- (50 to 100 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- PARECIS
- 800 (1988 SIL)
- PATAXO-HAHAHAI
- (1,270 to 1,906 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- PAUMARI
- 600 (1988 SIL); half of the speakers are under 12
years of age (1984 SIL)
- PEMON
- 220 Taulipang in Brazil; 459 Ingarikó in Brazil;
400 to 500 Arekuna in Guyana; 4,850 Pemon in Venezuela
(1977 Migliazza); 5,930 total
- PIRATAPUYO
- 618 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 450 in Colombia; 1,070 total
- PIRO
- 265 to 530 Manitenerí in Brazil; 1,700 to 2,500 total
(1986 SIL)
- PLAUTDIETSCH
- 5,955 in Brazil (1985 SIL); 306,000 total of whom
150,000 use it habitually (1983); 110,735 or more in Latin
America are fairly monolingual
- POKANGA
- 100 (1983 SIL)
- PORTUGUESE
- 150,000,000 in Brazil (1990 UBS); 175,000,000 total
(1991 WA)
- POTIGUARA
- (4,000 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- POYANAWA
- 227 (1986 SIL)
- PURI
- PURUBORA
- 50 (1986 SIL)
- RIKBAKTSA
- 800 or more (1990 SIL)
- ROMANI, CALO
- 55,000 to 165,000 total, including 10,000 in Latin
America
- ROMANI, VLACH
- Several hundred thousand in Latin America including
Argentina and Colombia (1984 Ian Hancock); 1,500,000 total
(1986 estimate)
- SABANES
- 40 to 50 (1986 SIL)
- SALUMA
- SALUMA
- 148 to 200 (1986 SIL)
- SANUMA
- 462 in Brazil (1976 UFM); 1,000 to 4,000 in Venezuela
(1976 NTM); 1,500 to 4,500 total
- SARARE
- 150 (1983 SIL)
- SATERE-MAWE
- 5,000 (1990 SIL)
- SHARANAHUA
- 350 in Brazil; 500 to 600 in Peru (1989 SIL); 850
to 950 total
- SIKIANA
- 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL); possibly extinct in Venezuela
- SIRIANO
- 35 in Brazil (1973 RC); 250 to 300 in Colombia (1992 SIL);
285 to 335 total
- SURUI
- 440 (1990 SIL)
- SURUI DO PARA
- 110 or more (1988 SIL)
- SUYA
- 154 (1986 SIL); including 40 Beiço de Pau 114 Suyá
(1986 SIL)
- TAPEBA
- (200 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- TAPIRAPE
- 208 (1986 SIL)
- TARIANO
- At least two villages speak and use Tariano out of
an ethnic group of 1,600 in Brazil (1986 SIL)
- TEMBE
- 100 speakers out of 410 ethnic Tembé (1990 Caryl Jensen)
- TENHARIM
- 255, including 13 Diahói (1990 SIL)
- TERENA
- 15,000 (1991 SIL)
- TICUNA
- 12,000 in Brazil; 5,000 in Peru; 4,000 in Colombia
(1981 SIL); 21,000 total
- TINGUI-BOTO
- (800 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- TORA
- 17 (1986 SIL)
- TREMEMBE
- TRIO
- 329 to 338 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 800 in Surinam (1977
WIM); 1,130 total
- TRUKA
- (240 to 375 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- TRUMAI
- 60 to 71 (1986 SIL)
- TSHOM-DJAPA
- 100 (1986 SIL)
- TUBARAO
- 90 (1986 SIL)
- TUCANO
- 2,631 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 2,000 in Colombia
(1991 SIL); 5,000 total (1991 SIL)
- TUKUMANFED
- 50 or fewer (1959 D. Ribeiro)
- TUPARI
- 56 or more (1986 SIL)
- TUPINAMBA
- TUPINIKIN
- (582 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- TURIWARA
- TUXA
- (500 to 1,037 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- TUXINAWA
- TUYUCA
- 473 in Brazil (1973 RC); 250 in Colombia (1977 SIL);
723 total
- TXIKAO
- 350 (1986 SIL)
- UAMUE
- (1,000 to 1,300 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- UMOTINA
- 160 to 230 (1986 SIL)
- URUBU-KAAPOR
- 500 (1988 SIL)
- URUBU-KAAPOR SIGN LANGUAGE
- 7 first language users; 500 second language users (1968 J.
Kakumasu SIL)
- URU-EU-UAU-UAU
- 50 or more (1986 SIL)
- URUPA
- 150 to 250 (1986 SIL)
- WAIMAHA
- 43 in Brazil (1973 RC); 400 in Colombia (1977 SIL);
443 total
- WAIWAI
- 886 to 1,058 total, including 136 Katawian (1986 SIL)
- WAKONA
- WAPISHANA
- 1,500 in Brazil including 64 Mawayana (1986 SIL);
9,000 in Guyana (1991 SIL); 10,500 total
- WASU
- (1,250 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- WAURA
- 150 (1990 SIL)
- WAYAMPI, AMAPARI
- 320 (1989 C. Jensen SIL)
- WAYAMPI, OIAPOQUE
- 10 in Brazil (1986 A. Jensen SIL); 400 in French Guiana
(1987 C. Jensen SIL); 410 total
- WAYANA
- 150 in Brazil; 600 in Surinam; 200 in French Guiana;
950 total
- WAYORO
- 40 possibly (1986 SIL)
- WIRAFED
- XAKRIABA
- (3,000 to 3,500 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- XAVANTE
- 7,500 (1990 SIL)
- XERENTE
- 756 to 850 (1986 SIL)
- XETA
- 3 speakers (1990 R. Dooley) out of an ethnic population of
100 to 250 (1986 SIL)
- XIPINAWA
- XIRIANA
- XOKLENG
- 250 speakers (1975) out of ethnic group of 634 (1986
SIL)
- YABAANA
- (90 in ethnic group; 1986 SIL)
- YAHUP
- 600 total (1986 SIL)
- YAMINAHUA
- 359 in Brazil (1986 SIL); 150 in Bolivia; 700 to 1,100
in Peru; 1,200 to 1,600 total
- YANOMAMI
- 16,000 (1984 SIL)
- YANOMAMO
- 1,500 to 2,000 in Brazil; 12,000 to 14,000 in Venezuela
(1991 AP); 13,500 to 16,000 total
- YARUMA
- YAWALAPITI
- 135 (1986 SIL)
- YAWANAWA
- 196 (1986 SIL)
- YURUTI
- 50 in Brazil (1991 SIL); 200 to 250 in Colombia (1991
R. Kinch SIL); 250 to 300 total
- ZURUAHA
- 130 (1986 SIL)
Part of the Ethnologue Database